A recession is a decrease in economic activity over a period of time. Officially, a recession is considered to exist when the GDP variation rate is negative for two consecutive quarters. It is also known as a period of economic contraction.
The economic recession is the phase of the economic cycle in which economic activity decreases, consumption and investment decrease, and unemployment increases.
In the following chart, we can see an example of a recession, with two-quarters of negative growth. If the negative growth continued, it would be a long economic recession. However, if the negative growth were to occur for only one quarter, we could not officially consider that decrease as an economic recession.